Variables predictoras del uso de los métodos anticonceptivos en jóvenes: una revisión sistemática / Predictor variables of contraceptive method use in young people: A systematic review

Diseño: Revisión sistemática. Fuentes de datos: Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden Plus, LILACS e IME. Selección de estudios: Se realizó una evaluación de la calidad de los estudios que fue revisada por dos investigadores en paralelo. Como resultado, se seleccionaron un total de cinco investigaciones primarias. Extracción de datos: Se extrajo información sobre la población seleccionada en el estudio, método anticonceptivo estudiado y las variables predictoras identificadas. Resultados: Se identificaron siete variables predictoras que explican específicamente el uso del preservativo masculino, píldora anticonceptiva o píldora anticonceptiva de emergencia. Las variables más relevantes fueron el nivel de conocimiento y las actitudes hacia el empleo de los métodos anticonceptivos, de manera que un mayor conocimiento y unas actitudes positivas incrementan la probabilidad de uso de métodos anticonceptivos. Otro resultado destacado fue la presencia de un sesgo formativo con un mayor conocimiento de las mujeres sobre las opciones anticonceptivas hormonales y actitudes más positivas. Conclusión: Los futuros programas formativos deben orientarse hacia la evaluación de cambios en el comportamiento, mediante el desarrollo de actitudes positivas hacia el uso de los métodos anticonceptivos a través de la adquisición de un conocimiento de calidad sobre las opciones contraceptivas.(AU)

Objective: To analyse predictor variables of contraceptive method use in young people. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden Plus, LILACS and IME databases were consulted. Study selection: An assessment of the quality of studies was carried out by two researchers in parallel. As a result, a total of 5 primary research studies were selected. Data extraction: Information was extracted on the selected study population, contraceptive method studied and predictor variables identified. Results: Seven predictor variables were identified that specifically explain the use of the male condom, contraceptive pill or emergency contraceptive pill. The most relevant variables were the level of knowledge and attitudes towards contraceptive use, therefore high knowledge and positive attitudes increase the likelihood of contraceptive use. Another notable finding was the presence of a formative bias with womenhaving higher knowledge of hormonal contraceptive options and more positive attitudes. Conclusion: Future training programs should be oriented towards assessing behavioral changes through the development of positive attitudes towards contraceptive use by gaining knowledge of contraceptive options.(AU)

Effectiveness of gamification in nursing degree education.

Background: Previous research in nursing has found favorable results from the use of teaching methodologies alternative to lectures. One of the complementary methodologies used for university teaching is gamification, or the inclusion of game elements, creating a dynamic learning environment that allows the acquisition of knowledge and the development of other skills necessary for nursing students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a gamification session on student satisfaction and knowledge scores in nursing students in simulated laboratory practice. Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted with 122 students from the nursing degree program who participated in the research. The evaluation consisted of four sessions of three hours each. In two sessions, participants were trained through a vertical methodology, by means of theoretical training provided by teaching staff, and two hours of clinical simulation, where the students were able to practice the techniques on professional simulators. At the other two sessions, participants received an explanation of the theoretical aspects of the session, one hour of clinical simulation, and one hour of gamification, in which they had to pass tests based on the performance of practical activities on the subject of the session. At the end of the gamification session, all the participants received a certificate as winners of the "nursing game". Results: There was an improvement in the satisfaction and the knowledge level in the gamification sessions. Both were statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was an improvement in the items related to the development of critical thinking and the mobilizing concepts from theory to practice in the gamification sessions. Conclusion: The intervention was effective in improving the satisfaction of the sessions received and in knowledge development.

[Predictor variables of contraceptive method use in young people: A systematic review]. / Variables predictoras del uso de los métodos anticonceptivos en jóvenes: una revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse predictor variables of contraceptive method use in young people. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden Plus, LILACS and IME databases were consulted. STUDY SELECTION: An assessment of the quality of studies was carried out by two researchers in parallel. As a result, a total of 5 primary research studies were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Information was extracted on the selected study population, contraceptive method studied and predictor variables identified. RESULTS: Seven predictor variables were identified that specifically explain the use of the male condom, contraceptive pill or emergency contraceptive pill. The most relevant variables were the level of knowledge and attitudes towards contraceptive use, therefore high knowledge and positive attitudes increase the likelihood of contraceptive use. Another notable finding was the presence of a formative bias with women having higher knowledge of hormonal contraceptive options and more positive attitudes. CONCLUSION: Future training programs should be oriented towards assessing behavioral changes through the development of positive attitudes towards contraceptive use by gaining knowledge of contraceptive options.

Satisfaction of Online University Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The rapid global spread of the coronavirus disease affected the education sector, which had to adapt its teaching methodology to an online scenario to curb the increase in infections. This study aimed to determine the satisfaction level of university students regarding the online education they received during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with nursing degree students. Convenience sampling was used because of the accessibility of the sample, estimating 168 as the minimum sample size needed. The satisfaction level was measured using the "Questionnaire on Satisfaction of University Students with Online Training" (CUSAUF). The sample consisted of 215 participants. The overall level of satisfaction was high. Subject content and teaching methodology were the most highly rated aspects, while aspects related to lecturer-student communication and communication among students were rated the worst. The Cronbach's α for the satisfaction scale was 0.94, showing high internal consistency and reliability of the sample. Online education could be considered an alternative methodology for teaching learning modules or complementing face-to-face training in future training programs.

Young nursing and medical students' knowledge and attitudes towards sexuality and contraception in two spanish universities: an inferential study.

BACKGROUND: Living safely sexuality and without risk to one's health is an international priority. The youth age group has specific characteristics that make it a particularly vulnerable group for adverse consequences such as unwanted pregnancies or sexually transmitted infections. Health professionals are an important group to address this issue; however, to achieve a good result, sufficient knowledge is required to solve all the issues. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of young university students studying a nursing or a medical degree. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study of young medical and nursing students was conducted. The selection of participants was made by convenience. The Sexuality and Contraceptive Knowledge Instrument scale was used to measure knowledge level. A bivariate analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test or the Kruskal-Wallis H test, depending on the number of categories of the independent variable. Finally, a multivariate analysis was conducted using a multiple linear regression model, establishing the level of knowledge as the dependent variable and all variables that obtained statistical significance in the bivariate analysis as predictors. Data collection was carried out from October 2020 to March 2021. RESULTS: The sample comprised 657 health university students. Participants had a good level of knowledge, with 77.9% answering 50% of the questions correctly. Before training, 34.15% of the participants did not pass 50% of the questions asked. This percentage decreased to 12.87% after receiving sexuality training during their university degrees. The main training gaps were found for the items on hormonal contraceptive methods. The bivariate analysis showed that female participants had significantly higher knowledge scores, as did those who had used a hormonal contraceptive method during the most recent intercourse or were aware of family planning centers. These variables maintained their significant effect at the multivariate level, obtaining two models with good explanatory power for participants of both university degrees. CONCLUSION: The general level of knowledge of the healthcare students was high and sufficient after receiving training during the university degree (87.13% of the participants obtain more than 50% of items correct). The main training gap was found for items on hormonal contraceptive methods, which should be emphasized in future training programs.

Effectiveness of Guided Breathing and Social Support for the Reduction of Pre-Exam Anxiety in University Students: A Factorial Study.

Anxiety is a state of mind that university students often manifest in exam situations, which can negatively impact their grades. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different relaxation techniques, including guided breathing and social support, on test anxiety among nursing students a few minutes before taking the final knowledge assessment test. For this purpose, a factorial study with a post-intervention measurement was carried out with three groups of nursing students. One group used the full yogic breathing relaxation technique (abdominal, thoracic, and clavicular), another used a social support technique, and the last group did not receive any intervention. Of 119 participants, 98.2% showed a moderate-high level of anxiety. Regarding the anxiety scale score, it was found that participants with moderate anxiety levels had higher scores on the knowledge test (Rho = -0.222; p = 0.015). The present study found no differences in anxiety levels between the study groups. Combining these relaxation techniques with others shown to be effective could reinforce their positive effect. Starting to work on this anxiety from the beginning of nursing courses appears to be a good strategy, striving to improve students' confidence in their abilities.

Knowledge of Sexuality and Contraception in Students at a Spanish University: A Descriptive Study.

Youth is a period characterized by impulsiveness and risk-taking. This population often feels invulnerable and has a strong motivation to seek out their identity. These characteristics make it a risky age period for an unwanted pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge about sexuality and contraception among nursing students at the University of Jaen. The students completed a 16-item questionnaire assessing their knowledge level about sexuality and contraception. A bivariate analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests. Later, an ordinal logistic regression model was generated. The sample consisted of 130 participants, with an average age of 20.36 years. The level of knowledge about sexuality and contraception was moderately high, 10.38 points out of 16. The factors associated with the probability of accordingly presenting a high level of knowledge were being a woman, having studied in a public institution, not having used any contraceptive method in the first sexual experience, and wishing to use a contraceptive pill in future sexual relations. In conclusion, the knowledge level about sexuality and contraception is high, although it is necessary to assess whether this level of high knowledge translates to the use of contraceptive methods in future sexual experiences.

Calidad de vida en personas mayores con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. Revisión sistemática / Quality of life in older people with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Systematic review

Objetivos: Identificar cómo afecta a la calidad de vida de las personas de edad avanzada padecer apnea obstructiva del sueño. Metodología: Revisión sistemática sobre los diferentes estudios que traten la apnea del sueño en personas de edad avanzada, y cómo afecta esta a su calidad de vida. Esta revisión incluye casos y controles, estudios de cohortes, ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales publicados desde 2014 hasta 2019. Resultados: Se revisaron cerca de 400 artículos, de los cuales solo 16 formaron parte de la revisión, tras cumplir con exactitud todos los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Existe una gran disparidad entre los resultados encontrados; aun así, la calidad de vida de las personas de edad avanzada con apnea obstructiva del sueño mejora con el uso de la CPAP (presión positiva continua en la vía aérea). Conclusiones: Son necesarias más investigaciones que estudien el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño en personas de edad avanzada; la mayoría de los estudios encontrados se centran en población infantil o adulta. Entre los pocos estudios que se centran en estudiar la calidad de vida de las personas de edad avanzada cuando padecen apnea obstructiva del sueño se encuentra disparidad en sus resultados, no llegando a ninguna conclusión firme. Este es un tema prioritario de salud, debido al envejecimiento de la población y a la cada vez mayor prevalencia de este síndrome (AU)

Aims: To identify how obstructive sleep apnea affects the quality of life of the elderly. Methods: Systematic review of the different studies that treat sleep apnea in the elderly, and how it affects their quality of life. This review includes cases and controls, cohort studies, clinical trials and observational studies published from 2014 to 2019. Results: Nearly 400 articles were reviewed, of which only 16 were part of the review, after accurately meeting all established inclusion criteria. There is a large disparity between the results found; however, the quality of life of older people with obstructive sleep apnea improves with the use of CPAP (continuous positive air pressure). Conclusions: More research is needed to study obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the elderly; most of the studies found focus on children or adults. Among the few studies that focus on studying the quality of life of older people with obstructive sleep apnea, there is a disparity in their results, with no firm conclusions. This is a priority health issue, due to the ageing population and the increasing prevalence of this syndrome (AU)